Table 1 Cohort characteristics.
From: Personalized Risk Assessment in Never, Light, and Heavy Smokers in a prospective cohort in Taiwan
Variables | Level | Overall | Never smoking | Light smoking | Heavy smokers | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 395,875 | LC = 1,117 | N = 281,111 | LC = 525 | N = 90,486 | LC = 156 | N = 2,4278 | LC = 436 | ||||||||||
N | % | n | % | N | % | n | % | N | % | n | % | N | % | n | % | ||
Age, mean(SD) | 40(13.8) | 40(13.8) | 37(11.3) | 57(10.1) | |||||||||||||
Age | <50 | 293,040 | 74% | 201 | 18% | 207,061 | 74% | 123 | 23% | 79,619 | 88% | 57 | 37% | 6,360 | 26% | 21 | 5% |
50–59 | 55,772 | 14% | 260 | 23% | 41,874 | 15% | 146 | 28% | 5,539 | 6% | 26 | 17% | 8,359 | 34% | 88 | 20% | |
60–69 | 34,531 | 9% | 412 | 37% | 23,988 | 9% | 167 | 32% | 3,673 | 4% | 47 | 30% | 6,870 | 28% | 198 | 45% | |
≥70 | 12,532 | 3% | 244 | 22% | 8,188 | 3% | 89 | 17% | 1,655 | 2% | 26 | 17% | 2,689 | 11% | 129 | 30% | |
Sex | Male | 191,120 | 48% | 691 | 62% | 92,763 | 33% | 133 | 25% | 75,272 | 83% | 142 | 91% | 23,085 | 95% | 416 | 95% |
Female | 204,755 | 52% | 426 | 38% | 188,348 | 67% | 392 | 75% | 15,214 | 17% | 14 | 9% | 1,193 | 5% | 20 | 5% | |
Smoking status | Never | 281,111 | 71% | 525 | 47% | ||||||||||||
Former | 23,750 | 6% | 127 | 11% | 18,167 | 20% | 33 | 21% | 5,583 | 23% | 94 | 22% | |||||
Current | 89,867 | 23% | 461 | 41% | 71,406 | 80% | 121 | 79% | 18,461 | 77% | 340 | 78% | |||||
Smoking intensity* | <1 | 86,089 | 75% | 372 | 63% | 76,304 | 84% | 143 | 92% | 9,785 | 40% | 229 | 53% | ||||
(pack/per day) | ≥1 | 28,675 | 25% | 220 | 37% | 14,182 | 16% | 13 | 8% | 14,493 | 60% | 207 | 47% | ||||
Pack-year* | <15 | 66,516 | 58% | 68 | 11% | 66,516 | 74% | 68 | 44% | ||||||||
15–29.9 | 23,970 | 21% | 88 | 15% | 23,970 | 26% | 88 | 56% | |||||||||
≥30 | 24,278 | 21% | 436 | 74% | |||||||||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | <25 | 291,339 | 74% | 781 | 70% | 213,289 | 76% | 362 | 69% | 63,087 | 70% | 101 | 65% | 14,963 | 62% | 318 | 73% |
25–29.9 | 89,563 | 23% | 312 | 28% | 57,869 | 21% | 147 | 28% | 23,471 | 26% | 53 | 34% | 8,223 | 34% | 112 | 26% | |
≥30 | 14,801 | 4% | 24 | 2% | 9,842 | 4% | 16 | 3% | 3,884 | 4% | 2 | 1% | 1,075 | 4% | 6 | 1% | |
Physical activity | Inactive | 206,056 | 52% | 546 | 50% | 145,219 | 52% | 240 | 47% | 47,992 | 53% | 78 | 51% | 12,845 | 53% | 228 | 53% |
Low active | 89,154 | 23% | 177 | 16% | 65,183 | 23% | 89 | 17% | 20,224 | 22% | 24 | 16% | 3,747 | 15% | 64 | 15% | |
Fully active | 100,458 | 25% | 374 | 34% | 70,587 | 25% | 186 | 36% | 22,237 | 25% | 50 | 33% | 7,634 | 32% | 138 | 32% | |
Family history of lung cancer | No | 379,272 | 96% | 1,059 | 95% | 269,537 | 96% | 497 | 95% | 86,590 | 96% | 146 | 94% | 23,145 | 95% | 416 | 95% |
Yes | 16,603 | 4% | 58 | 5% | 11,574 | 4% | 28 | 5% | 3,896 | 4% | 10 | 6% | 1,133 | 5% | 20 | 5% | |
Personal cancer history | No | 390,895 | 99% | 1,091 | 98% | 277,098 | 99% | 512 | 98% | 89,911 | 99% | 155 | 99% | 23,886 | 98% | 424 | 97% |
Yes | 4,980 | 1% | 26 | 2% | 4,013 | 1% | 13 | 2% | 575 | 1% | 1 | 1% | 392 | 2% | 12 | 3% | |
COPD | No | 259,217 | 77% | 532 | 51% | 182,532 | 77% | 284 | 58% | 63,322 | 83% | 84 | 60% | 13,363 | 59% | 164 | 39% |
Yes | 20,748 | 6% | 172 | 16% | 13,354 | 6% | 52 | 11% | 4,592 | 6% | 21 | 15% | 2,802 | 12% | 99 | 24% | |
Restricted lung | 55,009 | 16% | 346 | 33% | 39,993 | 17% | 156 | 32% | 8,662 | 11% | 36 | 26% | 6,354 | 28% | 154 | 37% | |
Lung function | |||||||||||||||||
(1) FEV1 (%) | 0–61 | 17,821 | 5% | 143 | 13% | 12,156 | 5% | 42 | 8% | 3,480 | 4% | 15 | 10% | 2,185 | 9% | 86 | 20% |
62–73 | 26,408 | 7% | 115 | 11% | 19,037 | 8% | 55 | 11% | 5,041 | 6% | 17 | 11% | 2,330 | 10% | 43 | 10% | |
74–90 | 130,574 | 37% | 328 | 30% | 94,443 | 37% | 158 | 31% | 28,851 | 35% | 44 | 29% | 7,280 | 31% | 126 | 30% | |
91–105 | 126,604 | 35% | 301 | 28% | 87,987 | 35% | 157 | 31% | 31,343 | 38% | 47 | 31% | 7,274 | 31% | 97 | 23% | |
>106 | 55,741 | 16% | 201 | 18% | 38,656 | 15% | 99 | 19% | 12,951 | 16% | 28 | 19% | 4,134 | 18% | 74 | 17% | |
(2) MMEF (ml/sec) | 0–48 | 15,598 | 4% | 174 | 16% | 10,113 | 4% | 63 | 12% | 2,927 | 4% | 19 | 13% | 2,558 | 11% | 92 | 22% |
49–54 | 11,722 | 3% | 61 | 6% | 8,014 | 3% | 23 | 4% | 2,543 | 3% | 8 | 5% | 1,165 | 5% | 30 | 7% | |
55–77 | 103,091 | 29% | 317 | 29% | 72,785 | 29% | 141 | 27% | 23,397 | 29% | 34 | 22% | 6,909 | 30% | 142 | 33% | |
78–103 | 147,469 | 41% | 349 | 32% | 105,481 | 42% | 179 | 35% | 34,297 | 42% | 64 | 42% | 7,691 | 33% | 106 | 25% | |
>103 | 79,651 | 22% | 193 | 18% | 56,163 | 22% | 109 | 21% | 18,568 | 23% | 27 | 18% | 4,920 | 21% | 57 | 13% | |
Bilirubin (mg/dl) | M: ≤0.68; F ≤ 0.56 | 100,354 | 26% | 310 | 28% | 66,330 | 24% | 117 | 23% | 26,279 | 30% | 47 | 31% | 7,745 | 33% | 146 | 34% |
M: 0.69–0.87; F: 0.57–0.70 | 95,562 | 25% | 301 | 27% | 67,021 | 24% | 158 | 30% | 22,087 | 25% | 43 | 28% | 6,454 | 27% | 100 | 23% | |
M: 0.88–1.11; F: 0.71–0.90 | 97,384 | 25% | 286 | 26% | 70,491 | 26% | 123 | 24% | 21,471 | 24% | 41 | 27% | 5,422 | 23% | 122 | 28% | |
M: ≥1.12; F: ≥ 0.91 | 93,105 | 24% | 212 | 19% | 70,402 | 26% | 122 | 23% | 18,536 | 21% | 23 | 15% | 4,167 | 18% | 67 | 15% | |
AFP (ng/ml) | <1.8 | 82,806 | 22% | 100 | 9% | 64,516 | 24% | 64 | 12% | 16,862 | 19% | 8 | 5% | 1,428 | 6% | 28 | 6% |
≥1.8 | 299,179 | 78% | 1,000 | 91% | 206,728 | 76% | 450 | 88% | 70,576 | 81% | 147 | 95% | 21,875 | 94% | 403 | 94% | |
CEA (ng/ml) | <1.5 | 253,091 | 65% | 315 | 28% | 200,170 | 72% | 226 | 43% | 47,212 | 53% | 33 | 21% | 5,709 | 24% | 56 | 13% |
1.5–2.5 | 86,595 | 22% | 298 | 27% | 53,648 | 19% | 138 | 26% | 25,533 | 29% | 49 | 32% | 7,414 | 31% | 111 | 25% | |
2.6–4.2 | 37,278 | 10% | 266 | 24% | 17,968 | 6% | 93 | 18% | 12,514 | 14% | 44 | 28% | 6,796 | 28% | 129 | 30% | |
4.3–7.0 | 10,588 | 3% | 139 | 12% | 4,060 | 1% | 25 | 5% | 3,317 | 4% | 19 | 12% | 3,211 | 13% | 95 | 22% | |
>7.0 | 2,757 | 1% | 98 | 9% | 993 | 0% | 43 | 8% | 687 | 1% | 10 | 6% | 1,077 | 4% | 45 | 10% | |
CRP (mg/L) | 0–1 | 259,145 | 71% | 551 | 56% | 187,169 | 72% | 278 | 59% | 59,607 | 72% | 85 | 63% | 12,369 | 56% | 188 | 50% |
1.1–3 | 66,919 | 18% | 227 | 23% | 46,419 | 18% | 113 | 24% | 15,002 | 18% | 28 | 21% | 5,498 | 25% | 86 | 23% | |
3,1–10 | 30,639 | 8% | 132 | 13% | 20,681 | 8% | 53 | 11% | 6,693 | 8% | 13 | 10% | 3,265 | 15% | 66 | 18% | |
>10 | 8,499 | 2% | 69 | 7% | 5,537 | 2% | 25 | 5% | 1,900 | 2% | 8 | 6% | 1,062 | 5% | 36 | 10% | |
