Figure 4

Entomopathogenic nematode H.amazonensis infective juvenile responses in multiple choice olfactometers.

(a) Responses to undamaged, mechanically damaged (MD), pest damaged, and elicitor treated corn seedlings. Pest damaged corn seedlings had been fed upon aboveground by adult D. speciosa. Elicitor treated corn seedlings were treated with foliar applications of either methyl salicylate (MeSA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Red box denotes novel finding of entomopathogenic nematodes recruiting to plants damaged by adult (i.e. non-larval) hosts. (b) Responses to Methyl Salicylate (MeSA) treated corn seedlings. (c) Responses to Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) treated corn seedlings. (d) Multiple-choice olfactometer used for assays. Treatments are placed in peripheral elbows and entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles released in the center. H. amazonensis preference is the percent infective juveniles responding to the top treatment in a pair (i.e. Pest Damage in Pest Damage vs Undamaged). Points and error bars denote mean percent response (n = 4) and standard error respectively. A period denotes marginal significance at P < 0.1; a single asterisk denotes significant differences at P < 0.05; double asterisks denote significance at P < 0.01; triple asterisks denote significance at P < 0.001.