Table 1 Site characteristics.

From: Disentangling gross N2O production and consumption in soil

Site characteristics

Grassland

Cropland

Beech forest

Pine forest

Location

47.57°N, 11.03°E

48.19°N, 11.96°E

51.76°N, 9.58°E

43.72°N, 10.28°E

Mean annual temperature (°C)

6.7

8.5

7.3

14.1

Mean annual precipitation (mm)

1373

1029

1100

918

Elevation (m above sea level)

870

510

510

10

Vegetation/Crop

Poaceae; Taraxacum

Zea mays

Fagus sylvatica

Pinus pinaster

Soil type

Haplic Cambisol

Calcaric Cambisol

Dystric Cambisol

Calcareous Regosol

Soil texture (% sand/silt/clay)

10/68/23

30/52/18

12 / 54/34

93/3/4

Soil bulk density (g cm−3)

0.59

1.17

0.64

1.30

Soil pH

7.1

6.7

3.8

5.7

Soil total organic carbon (g C kg−1)

135

20

127

10

Soil total nitrogen (g N kg−1)

8.0

1.7

6.6

0.7

Soil C:N ratio

16.9

11.8

18.9

13.5

  1. Soil characteristics in the grassland, cropland and pine forest sites were measured in the top 10 cm of mineral soil19,21; in the beech forest site, these were measured in the top 5 cm of mineral soil.