Figure 4
From: Re-visiting the Protamine-2 locus: deletion, but not haploinsufficiency, renders male mice infertile
Functional sperm analysis.
(a) Tracks for freely swimming wildtype Prm2+/+ and heterozygous Prm2+/− sperm. (b) Flagellar waveform. Sperm were tethered with their heads to a glass surface and the flagellar waveform was analyzed. One beat cycle was projected. Scale bar: 10 μm. (c) Changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in Prm2+/+, Prm2+/−, and Prm2−/− sperm. Sperm have been loaded with CAL520-AM and stimulated with K8.6 (blue), 10 mM 8-Br-cAMP (red), 10 mM NH4Cl (green), or 2 μM ionomycin (light blue). Experiments have been measured using the stopped-flow technique. (d) Loading of sperm with Cal520-AM. Loading of Prm2+/−, and Prm2−/− sperm was tested using fluorescence microscopy. Scale bar = 20 μm.
