Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis.
From: Tomato consumption and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author | Year | Region | Design | No. of cases | Age (yr) | Exposure assessment | Outcome assessment | Matched or adjusted factors | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diallo et al. | 2016 | France | Cohort | 139 | 63 | Interview | Biopsy | Age, energy intake, intervention group of the initial SU.VI.MAX trial, number of 24-h dietary records, smoking, education, physical activity, height, BMI, alcohol, family history of prostate cancer, baseline plasma PSA, Ca intake, dairy product intake and plasma α-tocopherol and Se concentrations | 8 |
Hardin et al. | 2011 | USA | Case-control | 470 | 65.8 (SD 8.3) | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, race, institution, energy intake, and history of first-degree relative with prostate cancer | 6 |
Salem et al. | 2011 | Iran | Case-control | 194 | 71.1 (SD 7.84) | Interview | Histologically confirmed | Age, total dietary calories, BMI, occupation, education, smoking, alcohol, and family history of prostate cancer. | 7 |
Shahar et al. | 2011 | Malaysia | Case-control | 35 | 67.6 (SD 4.7) | Interview | Biopsy | Age, ethnic, family history of cancer, and energy intake | 5 |
Takachi et al. | 2010 | Japan | Cohort | 339 | 40–69 | Questionnaire | Cancer registry | Age, public health center area, BMI, smoking, alcohol, dairy food, soy products, green tea, vitamin supplement use, marital status, screening examination | 6 |
Vlajinac et al. | 2010 | Serbia | Case-control | 101 | NA | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, hospital admission, place of residence, and energy | 5 |
Subahir et al. | 2009 | Malaysia | Case-control | 112 | 71.7 (50–86) | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age and ethnicity | 5 |
Ambrosini et al. | 2008 | Australia | Cohort | 97 | 62.6 | Questionnaire | Cancer registry | Age, total fruit and vegetable intake, randomly assigned retinol or β-carotene supplement, and source of crocidolite exposure | 6 |
Li et al. | 2008 | China | Case-control | 28 | 71.4 (SD 6.0) | Interview | Biopsy | Age, place of employment, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol, and food frequency | 5 |
Darlington et al. | 2007 | Canada | Case-control | 752 | 50–84 | Questionnaire | Cancer registry | Age, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, education, type of occupation, and total energy | 6 |
Kirsh et al. | 2006 | USA | Cohort | 1338 | 63.3 | Questionnaire | Medical/pathologic records | Age, total energy, race, study center, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, smoking, physical activity, supplemental vitamin E, total fat, red meat, history of diabetes, aspirin use, and previous number of screening exams | 7 |
Stram et al. | 2006 | USA | Cohort | 3922 | 45–75 | Questionnaire | SEER registry | Age, BMI, education, and family history of prostate cancer | 7 |
Jian et al. | 2005 | China | Case-control | 130 | 72.7 (SD 7.1) | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, locality, education, family income, marital status, number of children, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, tea drinking, caloric intake, and fat intake | 5 |
Hodge et al. | 2004 | Australia | Case-control | 858 | <70 | Interview | Histologically confirmed | Age, state, year, country of birth, socioeconomic group, total energy intake, and family history of prostate cancer | 6 |
Sonoda et al. | 2004 | Japan | Case-control | 140 | 59–73 | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, smoking, and energy intake. | 5 |
Bosetti et al. | 2000 | Greece | Case-control | 320 | NA | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, height, BMI, years of schooling, total energy intake, milk and dairy products, butter, and seed oils intake | 5 |
Cohen et al. | 2000 | USA | Case-control | 628 | 40–64 | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, fat, energy, race, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, PSA tests, education, and total vegetables | 7 |
Kolonel et al. | 2000 | USA | Case-control | 1619 | ≤84 | Interview | Histologically confirmed | Age, education, ethnicity, geographic area, and calories | 6 |
Norrrish et al. | 2000 | New Zealand | Case-control | 317 | 40–80 | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, height, total NSAIDs, and socioeconomic status | 7 |
Jain et al. | 1999 | Canada | Case-control | 617 | 69.8 | Interview | Cancer registry | Age, total energy, vasectomy, ever-smoked, marital status, study area, BMI, education, multivitamin supplements, area of study, and log-converted amounts for grains, fruit, vegetables, total plants, total carotenoids, folic acid, dietary fiber, conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E, vitamin C, retinol, total fat, and linoleic acid | 7 |
Villeneuve et al. | 1999 | Canada | Case-control | 1623 | 50–74 | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, province of residence, race, years since quitting smoking, cigarette pack-years, BMI, rice and pasta, coffee, grains and cereals, alcohol, fruit and fruit juices, tofu, meat, income, and family history of cancer | 7 |
Key et al. | 1997 | UK | Case-control | 328 | 68.1 | Questionnaire | Histologically records | Age and social class | 6 |
Giovannucci et al. | 1995 | USA | Cohort | 812 | 40–75 | Questionnaire | Medical records | Age and energy | 7 |
Mills et al. | 1989 | USA | Cohort | 180 | 74 | Questionnaire | Histologically confirmed | Age, education, current use of meat, poultry, or fish, current fish only, beans, legumes or peas, citrus fruit, dry fruit, and index of fruit, nuts | 5 |
