Figure 4
Fluctuations in serum inflammatory mediators with high-fat high-sucrose metabolic challenge suggest dynamic systemic perturbations and restoration of homeostasis.
(A) Serum TNF-α was increased at 3-days in HFS animals, and then transiently increased again at 14-days on HFS compared to chow-fed control animals. (B) Serum leptin demonstrated a trend toward increases at 3-days, and 28-days compared to chow-fed controls. (C) IL-6 was increased at 3-days, 7-days, and 28-days in HFS animals compared to chow-fed control animals. (D) MCP-1 was increased at 14-days on HFS compared to chow-fed controls. ‡indicates p < 0.10 vs chow-fed control; *indicates p ≤ 0.05; data are demonstrated as fold-change compared to chow-fed control and shown as mean ± SE.
