Table 1 Statistical emergy values of renewable natural resources.

From: Evaluating renewable natural resources flow and net primary productivity with a GIS-Emergy approach: A case study of Hokkaido, Japan

Emergy maps (E+14 sej/ha/yr)

Min.

Max.

Average

SD

Total (E+20 sej/yr)

Solar radiation

0.62

1.03

0.81

0.08

6.44

Geothermal heat flow

0.00

4751.62

16.33

136.84

128.48

Wind kinetic energy

0.14

9.44

0.91

0.77

7.21

Rainfall, chemical potential energy

9.27

18.56

12.93

1.74

101.77

Rainfall, geopotential energy

0.00

93.01

11.97

11.24

94.17

Renewable flows

11.55

4817.31

42.98

139.73

337.97

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