Table 2 The odds ratios of type 2 diabetes according to quintiles of energy-adjusted protein intake by sex.

From: Dietary Protein Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Among Women and Men in Northeast China

 

Protein Quintiles, OR (95% CI)

P for trend

Per 10 g

Q1 (low)

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5 (high)

Women

Total protein N (cases)

885 (38)

886 (46)

885 (57)

885 (64)

886 (83)

  

 Model 1

1

1.35 (0.58, 1.40)

1.56 (1.01, 2.45)

1.73 (1.07, 1.82)

2.26 (1.30, 3.94)

<0.001

1.32 (1.14, 1.49)

 Model 2

1

1.19 (0.52, 1.34)

1.51 (0.95, 2.40)

1.70 (1.04, 2.79)

2.20 (1.24, 3.89)

<0.001

1.28 (1.07, 1.45)

 Model 3

1

1.19 (0.51, 1.33)

1.49 (0.92, 2.39)

1.68 (1.02, 2.77)

2.15 (1.21, 3.83)

<0.001

1.27 (1.05, 1.43)

 Model 4

1

1.18 (0.50, 1.32)

1.48 (0.91, 2.37)

1.66 (1.00, 2.72)

2.13 (1.18, 3.81)

<0.001

1.24 (1.03, 1.41)

Animal protein N (cases)

885 (33)

886 (53)

885 (56)

886 (63)

885 (83)

  

 Model 1

1

1.65 (1.04, 2.67)

1.73 (1.58, 2.55)

1.93 (1.17, 3.23)

2.54 (1.40, 4.68)

<0.001

1.41 (1.30, 1.49)

 Model 2

1

1.58 (0.97, 2.58)

1.68 (1.08, 2.61)

1.85 (1.09, 3.15)

2.39 (1.26, 4.52)

0.02

1.36 (1.26, 1.45)

 Model 3

1

1.57 (0.96, 2.57)

1.68 (1.08, 2.60)

1.84 (1.08, 3.16)

2.36 (1.25, 4.52)

0.02

1.34 (1.24, 1.45)

 Model 4

1

1.50 (0.91, 2.48)

1.61 (1.03, 2.51)

1.80 (1.05, 3.10)

2.27 (1.18, 4.35)

0.02

1.33 (1.23, 1.42)

Plant protein N (cases)

885 (50)

886 (42)

885 (65)

885 (74)

886 (57)

  

 Model 1

1

0.85 (0.57, 1.30)

1.32 (0.85, 2.07)

1.52 (0.94, 2.45)

1.17 (0.69, 2.04)

0.47

1.08 (0.87, 1.37)

 Model 2

1

0.76 (0.47, 1.21)

1.27 (0.80, 2.02)

1.49 (0.91, 2.42)

1.09 (0.61, 1.96)

0.31

0.97 (0.75, 1.26)

 Model 3

1

0.76 (0.47, 1.22)

1.26 (0.80, 2.00)

1.47 (0.90, 2.40)

1.08 (0.60, 1.95)

0.33

0.96 (0.74, 1.26)

 Model 4

1

0.74 (0.46, 1.20)

1.28 (0.80, 2.04)

1.47 (0.89, 2.40)

1.08 (0.59, 1.95)

0.35

0.96 (0.74, 1.25)

Men

Total protein N (cases)

479 (40)

479 (49)

479 (36)

479 (46)

478 (50)

  

 Model 1

1

1.27 (0.82, 1.98)

0.89 (0.56, 1.43)

1.16 (0.74, 1.82)

1.31 (0.85, 2.04)

0.30

1.06 (0.99, 1.14)

 Model 2

1

1.35 (0.83, 2.20)

0.95 (0.55, 1.65)

1.22 (0.69, 2.16)

1.20 (0.63, 2.30)

0.73

1.03 (0.94, 1.15)

 Model 3

1

1.34 (0.82, 2.20)

0.95 (0.54, 1.65)

1.22 (0.69, 2.15)

1.18 (0.61, 2.28)

0.75

1.03 (0.93, 1.14)

 Model 4

1

1.35 (0.83, 2.21)

0.94 (0.53, 1.64)

1.22 (0.70, 2.17)

1.17 (0.60, 2.27)

0.80

1.04 (0.93, 1.15)

Animal protein N (cases)

480 (42)

478 (42)

479 (50)

479 (36)

478 (51)

  

 Model 1

1

1.04 (0.66, 1.63)

1.24 (0.81, 1.92)

0.89 (0.55, 1.41)

1.36 (0.88, 2.10)

0.25

1.06 (1.00, 1.13)

 Model 2

1

1.02 (0.62, 1.70)

1.21 (0.70, 2.08)

0.81 (0.43, 1.51)

1.01 (0.48, 2.15)

0.88

1.04 (0.95, 1.14)

 Model 3

1

1.03 (0.62, 1.70)

1.20 (0.69, 2.08)

0.80 (0.43, 1.50)

1.01 (0.48, 2.14)

0.84

1.04 (0.93, 1.14)

 Model 4

1

1.04 (0.62, 1.72)

1.19 (0.68, 2.07)

0.81 (0.43, 1.52)

1.02 (0.47, 2.18)

0.85

1.05 (0.94, 1.15)

Plant protein N (cases)

479 (49)

479 (41)

479 (49)

479 (42)

478 (40)

  

 Model 1

1

0.82 (0.53, 1.28)

0.95 (0.62, 1.45)

0.74 (0.48, 1.16)

0.70 (0.45, 1.09)

0.11

0.88 (0.76, 1.02)

 Model 2

1

0.94 (0.57, 1.54)

1.10 (0.66, 1.86)

0.87 (0.49, 1.55)

0.82 (0.42, 1.60)

0.55

0.93 (0.72, 1.19)

 Model 3

1

0.93 (0.56, 1.52)

1.10 (0.66, 1.85)

0.86 (0.49, 1.54)

0.81 (0.42, 1.58)

0.56

0.93 (0.73, 1.19)

 Model 4

1

0.91 (0.54, 1.49)

1.05 (0.62, 1.77)

0.84 (0.46, 1.49)

0.78 (0.39, 1.53)

0.49

0.91 (0.71, 1.17)

  1. Model 1: adjusted age (continuous); Model 2: Model 1 + total energy intake, energy-adjusted intake (quintiles) of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, and fiber; Model 3: Model 2 + physical activity (inactive, moderately active, or active), smoke (never, former, or current), drink (yes or no), family history of diabetes (yes or no), economic status (high or low), and education (low, secondary or high); Model4: Model3 + BMI (continuous) + waist (continuous).
Back to article page