Table 5 Association of energy-adjusted protein intake and type 2 diabetes with mediation of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in womena.
From: Dietary Protein Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Among Women and Men in Northeast China
Mediators | Total effect, estimate, % (95% CI) | Indirect effect, estimate, % (95% CI) | Direct effect, estimate, % (95% CI) | Proportion via mediation, estimate, % (95% CI) | Sensitivity analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2* |
| |||||
Association of energy-adjusted total protein intake and diabetes | ||||||
HOMA-IR | 3.6 (1.8, 5.9) | 1.0 (0.4, 1.7) | 2.6 (0.9, 5.0) | 29.0 (10.3, 55.5) | 0.2 | 0.1 |
HOMA-β | 3.8 (1.0, 6.6) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.8) | 3.7 (1.1, 6.4) | 2.4 (−27.9, 30.2) | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Association of energy-adjusted animal protein intake and diabetes | ||||||
HOMA-IR | 3.7 (0.4, 5.8) | 1.1 (0.5, 1.8) | 2.1 (0.6, 4.4) | 35.0 (12.9, 83.3) | 0.2 | 0.1 |
HOMA-β | 3.2 (0.4, 6.0) | 0.2 (−0.5, 0.9) | 3.0 (0.2, 5.8) | 8.8 (−35.6, 66.1) | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Association of energy-adjusted intake of animal protein from red meat and diabetes | ||||||
HOMA-IR | 4.4 (1.8, 6.8) | 0.8 (0.2, 1.4) | 3.6 (1.0, 6.2) | 17.2 (5.2, 44.8) | 0.2 | 0.1 |
HOMA-β | 4.6 (1.8, 6.5) | 0.5 (−0.03, 1.0) | 3.4 (0.8, 6.4) | 15.8 (−0.4, 51.2) | 0.2 | 0.1 |
- R2*, the proportion of residual variances and
, the proportion of original variances that were explained by the omitted confounding. - aThe mediation analysis models were adjusted for age (continuous), total energy intake, energy-adjusted intake (quintiles) of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, physical activity (inactive, moderately active, or active), smoke (never, former, or current), drink (yes or no), family history of diabetes (yes or no), economic status (high or low), and education (low, secondary or high).
, the proportion of original variances that were explained by the omitted confounding.