Table 3 Comparing the risk of interested outcomes between patients with SLE with and without vaccination.

From: Effects of annual influenza vaccination on morbidity and mortality in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Group

Nonvaccine cohort

Vaccine cohort

IRR

Crude HR

(95% CI)

Adjusted HRb

(95% CI)

Outcomes

n (%)

Incidencea

n (%)

Incidencea

Total hospitalization

1894

(22.66)

26.49

405

(22.95)

26.47

1.00

1.00

(0.90–1.11)

0.82

(0.73–0.92)***

Hospitalization for pneumonia

174

(2.08)

2.13

47

(2.66)

2.73

1.28

1.28

(0.93–1.77)

0.70

(0.49–1.00)

Hospitalization for septicemia, bacteremia, or viremia

161

(1.93)

1.96

33

(1.87)

1.90

0.97

0.97

(0.67–1.41)

0.48

(0.32–0.73)***

Hospitalization for heart disease

480

(5.74)

5.99

150

(8.50)

8.96

1.50

1.49

(1.24–1.79)***

0.95

(0.78–1.16)

ICU admission

202

(2.42)

2.47

46

(2.61)

2.60

1.05

1.08

(0.78–1.49)

0.55

(0.39–0.79)***

In-hospital dialysis

73

(0.87)

0.89

10

(0.87)

0.57

0.64

0.65

(0.33–1.25)

0.40

(0.20–0.81)*

Death

137

(1.64)

1.66

34

(1.93)

1.95

1.17

1.17

(0.81–1.71)

0.41

(0.27–0.61)***

  1. Abbreviations: IRR, Incidence rate ratio; HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; ICU, Intensive Care Unit.
  2. *P value for HR < 0.05, **P value for HR < 0.01, ***P value for HR < 0.001.
  3. aIncidence rate per 100 person-year.
  4. bHR were adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities.
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