Table 1 Summary of included studies evaluating smoking and its association with ERM.
From: The Association between Smoking and Epiretinal Membrane
Source (Publication Year,Country) | Design | Study Period | Population (Sample Size) | Age Range* (Yrs) | Smoking Status | ERM Classification | ERM definition and grating | ERM Prevalence (%, 95% CI) | Adjusted variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ye et al.41 (2015 China) | Cross-sectional | 2012–2013 | Jiangning Eye Study, population-based (N = 2,005) | ≥50 | Never; Past; Current | Any ERM CMR PMF | Fundus photography, OCT images | Any ERM 7.3 (6.2–8.5) CMR 4.3 (3.4–5.2) PMF 3.0 (2.3–3.8) | None |
Aung et al.18 (2013 Australia) | Cohort | 2003–2007 | Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, volunteers (N = 21,241) | 65.2 ± 5.8 | Never; Former; Current | Any ERM CMR PMF | Retinal imges | Any ERM 8.9 (8.48–9.25) CMR 4.9 (4.64–5.22) PMF 3.9 (3.67–4.19) | None |
Ng et al.17 (2011 USA) | Cross-sectional | 2000–2002 | Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, population-based (N = 5960) | 62 | Current; Never; | Any ERM CMR PMF | Digital non-stereoscopic fundus photographs | Any ERM 28.9 CMR 25.1 PMF 3.8 | Age, gender, ethnicity, study center |
Duan et al.9 (2009 China) | Cross-sectional | 2006–2007 | Handan Eye Study, population-based (N = 6,565) | 51.7 ± 11.6 | Never; Past; Current | Any ERM CMR PMF Unclassified (by OCT only) | Retinal photograph and/or OCT | Any ERM 3.4 (2.9–3.8) CMR 2.2 PMF 0.7 Unclassified 0.5 0.3–0.6 | Age, sex |
Kawasaki et al.10 (2009 Japan) | Cohort | 2000–2002 | Funagata study, population-based (N = 1723) | 64.9 | Never; Past; Current | Any ERM CMR PMF | Non-mydriatic fundus photographs | Any ERM 5.7 (4.5–7.0) CMR 4.1 (3.0–5.2) PMF 1.6 (0.9–2.3) | None |
Kawasaki et al.16 (2008 Singapore) | Cross-sectional | 2004–2006 | Singapore Malay, population-based (N = 3,265) | 40–80 | Never; Past; Current | Any ERM CMR PMF | Fundus photograghs | Any ERM 7.9 (7.1–8.7) CMR 3.8 (3.3–4.4) PMF 4.1 (3.4–4.7) | Age, gender |
McCarty et al.40 (2005 Australia) | Cross-sectional | 1992–1997 | Visual Impairment Project, population-based (N = 4,313) | 60.1 ± 12.8 | Smoking history (Not clearly defined) | Any ERM CMR PMF | Fundus photograghs | Any ERM 6.0 (5.2–6.7) CMR 4.8 (4.0–5.6) PMF 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | Age, sex |
Miyazaki et al.12 (2003 Japan) | Cross-sectional | 1998 | Hisayama study, population-based (N = 1,765) | ≥40 | Current habitual user; Nonuser | Any ERM CMR PMF | Indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp, and color fundus photographs | Any ERM 4.0 CMR NA PMF NA | Age |
