Table 1 Timings, distances and speed of total migration and non-stop flights by Icelandic whimbrels that flew direct to the winter grounds (all birds in Autumn) and that made a stop-over (Male 2 and Female 2) or a direct flight (Male 1 and Female 1) in the return migration (Spring).
From: Very rapid long-distance sea crossing by a migratory bird
Migration | Atumn | Spring | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male 1 | Male 2 | Female 1 | Female 2 | Male 1 | Male 2 | Female 1 | Female 2 | |
Onset of migration (departure) | 03-Aug | 06-Aug | 06-Aug | 03-Aug | 20-Apr | 22-Apr | 29-Apr | 23-Apr |
End of migration (arrival) | 07-Aug | 10-Aug | 10-Aug | 07-Aug | 25-Apr | 10-May | 04-May | 14-May |
Total duration (d) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
Stopover time (d) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 15 |
Total migration distance (km) | 5425 | 5171 | 3898 | 5535 | 5555 | 5364 | 3865 | 5560 |
Total duration (h) | 107.8 | 107.9 | 78.9 | 120.0 | 121.2 | 444.1 | 127.3 | 540.6 |
Total migration speed (km h−1) | 50.31 | 47.94 | 49.38 | 46.14 | 45.83 | 12.08 | 30.37 | 10.29 |
Non-stop flights (over ground speed) | ||||||||
Max speed (m s−1) | 24.18 | 18.60 | 17.93 | 21.91 | 19.71 | 21.29 | 13.45 | 18.19 |
Min speed (m s−1) | 5.75 | 9.89 | 5.66 | 5.36 | 3.57 | 2.19 | 3.08 | 4.79 |
Average (m s−1) | 15.55 | 14.38 | 13.32 | 14.35 | 13.87 | 8.24 | 9.09 | 9.63 |
Sd | 6.84 | 3.00 | 4.19 | 6.42 | 5.10 | 5.40 | 3.17 | 4.25 |
N | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 11 | 15 |
