Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Caffeine prevents kidney stone formation by translocation of apical surface annexin A1 crystal-binding protein into cytoplasm: In vitro evidence

Figure 2

Crystal growth assay.

(A) Crystal images before (T0) and after (T60) growing the crystals in the absence or presence of various doses of caffeine for 60 min. Original magnification was 400× for all panels. (B) The crystal growth was analyzed and is reported as Δ crystal area using Equation 2: [Δ Crystal area (μm2) = Crystal area at T60 (μm2) − Crystal area at T0(μm2)]. Each bar represents mean ± SEM from 3 independent experiments.

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