Figure 1
From: Hypothalamic activation is essential for endotoxemia-induced acute muscle wasting
Effects of icv IKKβ inhibitor treatment on hypothalamic signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokine expression.
Third ventricle-cannulated rats (n = 6–8/group) in experiment 1 were euthanized 24 h after the final icv injection for collection of hypothalamic tissue. Hypothalamic signaling pathway proteins (p-p65, p65 and IκBα) were measured by western blotting (A shown in cropped gels), and were normalized by the total protein levels of p65 or β-actin (B and C). Hypothalamic inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) expression was measured by real-time PCR (D). Reported values are relative to GAPDH. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
