Table 1 Characteristics by gender.
Variable | Males (n = 189) | Females (n = 90) | Total (n = 279) |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Age (years) ± SD | 70.2 ± 6.1 | 68.6 ± 6.0* | 70.0 ± 6.1 |
Age (range) | 54–87 | 60–89 | 54–89 |
BMI (kg/m2) ± SD | 23.1 ± 2.7 | 22.0 ± 3.2** | 22.7 ± 3.0 |
Hypertension | 104 (55) | 41 (46) | 145 (52) |
Hyperlipidemia | 111 (59) | 54 (60) | 165 (59) |
Diabetes mellitus | 30 (16) | 5 (5.6)* | 35 (13) |
History of stroke | 4 (2.1) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (1.8) |
History of cardiovascular disease | 10 (5.3) | 4 (4.4) | 14 (5.0) |
Antiplatelet therapy | 23 (12) | 6 (6.7) | 29 (10) |
Anticoagulant therapy | 10 (5.3) | 1 (1.1) | 11 (3.9) |
Drinking | 138 (73) | 43 (48)** | 181 (65) |
Smoking | 27 (14) | 4 (4.4)* | 31 (11) |
Education ≤12 yearsa | 92 (49) | 58 (66)** | 150 (55) |
baPWV (m/s) ± SD | 1758 ± 228.2 | 1691 ± 333.4 | 1736 ± 304.6 |
hs-CRP ≥ 0.1 mg/dL | 50 (27) | 27 (30) | 77 (28) |
Dental check-up findings | |||
Number of remaining teeth ± SD | 22.8 ± 7.7 | 22.5 ± 6.9 | 22.7 ± 7.5 |
Dental caries+ | 69 (37) | 17 (19)** | 86 (31) |
CPI ≥ code 3 | 55 (29) | 22 (24) | 77 (28) |
Laboratory evaluations | |||
APOE ε4 allele carrierb | 35 (19) | 23 (26) | 58 (21) |
Streptococcus mutans-isolated | 171 (91) | 90 (100)** | 261 (94) |
cnm-positive S. mutans-isolated | 57 (30) | 34 (38) | 91 (33) |
Collagen binding activity ≥10% | 45 (24) | 26 (29) | 71 (25) |
Brain MRI findings | |||
CMBs | 49 (26) | 24 (27) | 73 (26) |
PVH ≥ grade 2 | 24 (13) | 11 (12) | 35 (13) |
DWMH ≥ grade 2 | 51 (27) | 26 (29) | 77 (28) |
Cognitive functional evaluations | |||
MMSE (score) ± SD | 28.6 ± 1.9 | 27.9 ± 2.5* | 28.3 ± 2.1 |
Letter fluency tasks | |||
“Ta” (score) ± SD | 8.3 ± 3.1 | 8.1 ± 3.9 | 8.2 ± 3.3 |
“Ka” (score) ± SD | 9.9 ± 3.4 | 9.5 ± 3.3 | 9.8 ± 3.4 |
