Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics of the study subjects.

From: Urinary KIM-1: a novel biomarker for evaluation of occupational exposure to lead

 

Control group (n = 92)

Lead-exposed group (n = 92)

p value

Male [Case (%)]

44 (47.8%)

50 (54.3%)

0.461

Age (year)

20.85 ± 2.61

21.2 ± 2.86

0.390

Blood lead (μg/L)

33 [29, 38.75]

121 [92.5, 159]

0.001

Serum CysC (mg/L)

0.6 [0.55, 0.65]

1.03 [0.92, 1.15]

0.001

eGFR (ml/min × 1.73 m2)

143.53 ± 12.11

141.74 ± 10.73

0.289

Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

54.33 ± 11.97

56.66 ± 7.49

0.116

Serum urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

4.38 ± 1.25

4.00 ± 1.05

0.027

Serum uric acid (μmol/L)

330.87 ± 80.04

316.85 ± 65.523

0.195

Urinary ALB/Cr (mg/g)

8.5 [5.9, 14.2]

10.5 [6.9, 18.1]

0.124

Urinary KIM-1/Cr (ng/g)

13.85 [9.20, 20.84]

30.02 [19.86, 50.47]

0.001

Urinary NAG/Cr (U/g)

13.10 ± 5.98

19.66 ± 8.03

0.001

Urinary α1-MG/Cr (mg/g)

4.35 [3.07, 7.09]

6.32 [3.98, 9.02]

0.004

Urinary β2-MG/Cr (mg/g)

0.13 [0.10, 0.21]

0.19 [0.13, 0.32]

0.001

  1. Note: Normally distributed data were presented as mean ± SD. Non-normally distributed data were presented using median (25th, 75th percentile). Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; α1-MG, α1-microglobulin; β2-MG, β2-microglobulin; CysC, cystatin C; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filter rate; KIM-1, kidney injury molecular 1; NAG, N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase.
Back to article page