Table 2 Differential metabolites in response to American ginseng treatment.

From: Distinct urine metabolome after Asian ginseng and American ginseng intervention based on GC-MS metabolomics approach

No.

RT (min)

Compound

Formula

VIP valuea

p valueb

FCc

Trend

1

17.00

Palmitic acid*

C16H32O2

1.633

8.82E-10

0.687

Down

2

5.13

L-Lactic acid*

C3H6O3

1.541

2.43E-05

0.682

Down

3

9.05

Glyceric acid

C3H6O4

1.480

2.30E-05

0.335

Down

4

19.83

Pseudouridine

C9H12N2O6

1.349

4.03E-04

21.931

Up

5

21.03

Ribothymidine*

C10H14N2O6

1.320

3.82E-03

2.893

Up

6

23.07

Glycerol 1-octadecanoate*

C21H42O4

1.298

1.03E-05

2.176

Up

7

23.18

Cellobiose*

C12H22O11

1.296

1.34E-04

2.898

Up

8

13.90

Tricarballylic acid

C6H8O6

1.289

8.34E-03

8.748

Up

9

22.38

Sucrose*

C12H22O11

1.288

8.34E-03

2.854

Up

10

13.41

3-Hydroxyadipic acid

C6H10O5

1.286

4.67E-04

3.432

Up

11

21.74

1,3-Dipalmitin

C35H68O5

1.275

4.67E-04

1.979

Up

12

13.70

5-Hydroxyindole

C8H7NO

1.264

2.18E-04

2.043

Up

13

23.37

Maltose*

C12H22O11

1.262

5.39E-03

4.248

Up

14

12.05

Threonic acid

C4H8O5

1.260

2.16E-03

0.530

Down

15

16.27

Sorbitol*

C6H14O6

1.250

4.87E-02

0.691

Down

16

16.31

Galactitol*

C6H14O6

1.246

4.13E-02

0.693

Down

17

15.18

D-Pinitol

C7H14O6

1.181

4.82E-03

3.231

Up

18

16.55

Gluconic acid

C6H12O7

1.176

4.13E-02

0.688

Down

19

13.26

Taurine*

C2H7NO3S

1.170

2.24E-02

0.789

Down

20

16.66

Pantothenic acid*

C9H17NO5

1.162

1.36E-02

0.661

Down

21

16.25

Mannitol*

C6H14O6

1.159

5.39E-03

3.116

Up

22

19.13

Xanthurenic acid*

C10H7NO4

1.156

5.70E-03

7.300

Up

23

21.66

Glycerol 1-palmitate*

C19H38O4

1.156

2.98E-04

1.467

Up

24

12.87

4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid*

C8H8O3

1.155

6.03E-03

0.437

Down

25

12.15

Glutaric acid

C5H8O4

1.125

3.40E-03

0.349

Down

26

14.98

Citric acid*

C6H8O7

1.120

4.28E-04

4.327

Up

27

14.10

Aconitic acid*

C6H6O6

1.093

2.48E-03

2.233

Up

28

11.53

Pyroglutamic acid*

C5H7NO3

1.087

2.45E-02

1.372

Up

29

7.34

Ketoleucine*

C6H10O3

1.081

4.07E-02

0.643

Down

30

20.21

1-Myristoyl-glycerol

C17H34O4

1.076

3.02E-03

1.207

Up

31

18.79

Stearic acid*

C18H36O2

1.066

2.24E-02

1.076

Up

32

23.15

Lactose*

C12H22O11

1.061

7.20E-04

1.641

Up

33

10.01

Methionine*

C5H11NO2S

1.049

2.45E-02

0.366

Down

34

17.67

N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine

C8H15NO6

1.009

1.39E-02

4.973

Up

  1. aVariable importance in the projection (VIP) was obtained from OPLS-DA with a threshold of 1.0.
  2. bp value was calculated from Wilcoxon-Mann U test.
  3. cFold change (FC) was calculated from the arithmetic mean values between AMG and CON group. The metabolites marked with “*” were structurally identified by reference standards.
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