Figure 7
From: Phospholipase D1 deficiency in mice causes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via an autophagy defect
Hepatic steatosis in Pld1−/− mice is dissociated from insulin resistance.
The mice were fed HFD for 4 weeks at 13 weeks. (a,b) The mice were fasted overnight and injected with glucose (IP, 1 g/kg body weight). (a) The plasma glucose level was analyzed at the indicated time points. (b) Plasma insulin was measured during IPGTT. (c) Hemoglobin A1c was measured in whole blood from mice. (d) Hepatic glucose production and (e) the whole body glucose flux were measured before and during clamp. (f) The ceramide and (g) diacylglycerol levels in the livers of Pld1+/+ and Pld1−/− mice were measured by LC/MS. (h) The mice were fasted overnight, injected with either saline or insulin (IP, 1.5 units/kg; n = 5 per group), and sacrificed 10 min after injection. Liver lysates were analyzed by western blot. The results are shown as means ± SE or representative blots from 3 to 5 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 versus Pld1+/+ mice. Abbreviations: IPGTT, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; LC/MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; SE, standard error.
