Table 1 Summary of participant and fMRI data characteristics by group.

From: Weak functional connectivity in the human fetal brain prior to preterm birth

 

Fetuses (n = 14) later born prematurely

Fetuses (n = 18) later born at term

Fetal GA at scan

29.6 (3.7)

30.3 (3.2)

Fetal GA at delivery*

32.4 (4.2)

38.8 (1.1)

Maternal depressive symptoms, m (SD)

15.3 (12.1)

12.4 (8.5)

Maternal anxiety symptoms, m (SD)

36.9 (12.7)

34.1 (8.2)

Maternal stress, m (SD)

 Penn State Worry Questionnaire

19.9 (9.0)

14.9 (5.9)

 Perceived Stress Scale*

46.1 (14.8)

40.2 (8.7)

Fetal gestational age at MRI, m (SD)

29.7 (3.7)

30.25 (3.3)

Maternal IQ, m (SD)

82.8 (13.8)

78.8 (13.1)

Ethnicity, n (%)

 Caucasian

0

1 (5.6)

 African-American

13 (92.9)

14 (77.8)

 Asian

0

1 (5.6)

 Other

1 (7.1)

2 (11.1)

Education, n (%)

 No GED/High-school diploma

3 (21.4)

6 (33.3)

 GED/High-school diploma

3 (21.4)

5 (27.8)

 Some college

6 (42.9)

6 (33.3)

 2-yr college degree

1 (7.1)

1 (5.6)

 4-yr college degree

1 (7.1)

0

Annual Income, n (%)

 <$10,000

9 (64.3)

6 (35.5)

 $10,000–$20,000

2 (14.3)

7 (41.2)

 $20,000–$30,000

2 (14.3)

3 (17.6)

 $30,000–$40,000

0

1 (5.9)

 >$40 000

1 (7.1)

0

Motion during resting-state scan

 Translational mean movement, m (SD)

0.4 (0.1)

0.4 (0.1)

 Rotational mean movement, m (SD)

0.7 (0.3)

0.7 (0.4)

 Translational RMS, m (SD)

0.2 (0.1)

0.3 (0.1)

 Rotational RMS, m (SD)

0.0 (0.0)

0.0 (0.0)

fMRI data characteristics

 SAR, m (SD)

0.26 (0.1)

0.3 (0.1)

 Number of fMRI frames analyzed, m (SD)

171 (81.2)

185.4 (50.4)

 Proportion frames retained after exclusion of periods of movement, % (SD)

0.6 (0.2)

0.5 (0.1)

  1. Chi-square tests compared race/ethnicity, education, and income between groups. Two-sample independent t-tests compared all other variables. As planned, fetal GA at delivery* was significantly different, p < 001. All other comparisons were non-significant, using two-tailed p < 0.05. A single trend was observed for the Perceived Stress Scale** at p = 0.066; p’s > 0.1 for all other comparisons. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured using verbal and matrix reasoning subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Gestational age (GA) reported in weeks; translational (x, y, z) movement reported in mm; rotational, in degrees; Specific Absorbtion Rate (SAR) in units of watts per kilogram (W/kg). Abbreviations: standard deviation, SD; mean, m; root-mean-square, RMS (head position change).