Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Surfactin inducing mitochondria-dependent ROS to activate MAPKs, NF-κB and inflammasomes in macrophages for adjuvant activity

Figure 5

Surfactin activating NF-κB to produce TNF-α by macrophages.

(A) Raw 264.7 cells were stained with FITC-labeled NF-κB p65 antibody and DAPI, then observed by Confocal microscopy (Magnification is 63X). NF-κB was only observed in the cytoplasm of spindle-shaped macrophages untreated by SFN, while both in the cytoplasm (green fluorescence) and nucleus (co-located with blue fluorescence) of star-shaped macrophages treated by SFN (directed by white arrows). The SFN-stimulated NF-κB nuclear translocation was obviously inhibited by the mitochondria-dependent ROS inhibitor of RT. (B) Surfactin promoting TNF-α production. SFN significantly promoted TNF-α production when compared to untreated control. Inhibition of ROS and inactivation of MAPKs could both significantly inhibit the SFN-stimulated TNF-α production by macrophages. The stars of SFN group indicate the significant difference between SFN and untreated control, and the star(s) of other groups indicate the significant difference from the SFN group.

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