Figure 3

SEM images of shale and sandstone samples that were measured by OIRD.
(a) SE morphology contrast images of shale: the right image shows an enlarged view of the selected area in the left image. A directed crevice can be observed in the right image. (b) BSE images of shale: the right image is an enlarged view of the selected area in the left image. An orientational arrangement of the same particles (black) can be observed parallel to the Y-axis. (c) SE morphology contrast images of sandstone: the right image shows an enlarged view of the selected area in the left image. A directed crevice is observed in the right image. An annular crack that is different from the directed crevice in shale is observed. (d) BSE images of sandstone: the right image is an enlarged view of the selected area in the left image. A symmetrical arrangement of the same particles (white) can be seen in this image.