Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
Study | Country | Sample size | Mean age | Percentage male (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | Mean SBP (mm Hg) | History of CVD (%) | History of DM (%) | Disease status | Intervention | Control | Main outcomes | Duration of follow- up (months) | Jadad score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khosroshahi16 | Iran | 88 | 50.1 | 72.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Hemodialysis | Omega-3 (3 g/day) | Placebo | TG, TC, LDL, HDL, homocystein; hemoglobin | 2 | 4 |
Mat Daud11 | USA | 56 | 58.5 | 50.8 | 27.7 | NA | NA | 20.0 | Hemodialysis (serum albumin ≤3.9 g/dL) | Omega-3 (2.4 g/day) | Placebo | TC, HDL, LDL, TG; albumin; hemoglobin; CRP | 6 | 3 |
Kooshki12 | Iran | 34 | 50.0 | 61.8 | NA | NA | NA | 23.5 | Hemodialysis | Omega-3 (2.08 g/day) | Placebo | TG, TC, LDL, HDL; Lipoprotein(a); Hemoglobin; | 2.5 | 4 |
Bowden18 | USA | 87 | 60.0 | 51.7 | NA | NA | NA | 59.8 | ESRD treated with hemodialysis | Omega-3 (1.0 g/day) | Placebo (corn oil) | HDL, LDL, TG, TC, homocysteine | 6 | 5 |
Bouzidi13 | Algeria | 40 | 61.0 | 55.0 | 24.2 | 125 | NA | NA | Chronic renal failure and dyslipidemia | Omega-3 (2.1 g/day) | Counsel monitoring | TG, TC, HDL, LDL, Albumin | 3 | 1 |
Lok19 | Canada | 196 | 62.9 | 50.0 | NA | NA | 33.7 | 52.6 | Stage 5 chronic kidney disease | Omega-3 (4.0 g/day) | Placebo | SBP and DBP | 6 | 4 |
Lemos20 | Brazil | 145 | 57.0 | 58.6 | 24.6 | NA | NA | 48.3 | Hemodialysis | Omega-3 (1.0 g/day) | Placebo | TC, HDL, LDL, CRP, Hemoglobin, | 4 | 3 |
Denmark | 206 | 67.0 | 64.5 | 24.4 | 151 | 100 | 23.8 | Hemodialysis and CVD | Omega-3 (1.7 g/day) | Placebo (olive oil) | TC, LDL, HDL, TG, Homocysteine | 3 | 5 | |
Denmark | 58 | 59.0 | 67.2 | 28.0 | 128 | NA | NA | CRF | Omega-3 (2.4 g/day) | Placebo (olive oil) | TC, LDL, HDL, TG, DBP, SBP, Lipoprotein(a), CRP | 2 | 3 | |
Taziki24 | Iran | 33 | 53.8 | 33.3 | 24.0 | NA | NA | NA | Non-diabetic patients on hemodialysis | Omega-3 (2.0 g/day) | Control group who did not receive this drug | TG, TC, HDL, and LDL | 3 | 3 |
Khajehdehi25 | Iran | 60 | 32.4 | 31.0 | NA | 126 | NA | NA | Hemodialysis | Omega-3 (1.5 g/day) | Placebo | TG, TC, LDL, and HDL | 2 | 2 |
Chang26 | Korea | 50 | 64.5 | 54.0 | 21.2 | NA | 48.0 | NA | ESRD patients on hemodialysis | Omega-3 (0.6 g/day) | Placebo | TC, Albumin | 3 | 3 |
Lee27 | Korea | 15 | 62.1 | 33.3 | NA | NA | NA | 73.3 | Hemodialysis | Omega-3 (2.4 g/day) | Placebo (olive oil) | TC, TG, HDL, LDL, glucose, Hemoglobin, Albumin, CRP, Ferritin | 3 | 1 |
Khalatbari Soltani14 | Iran | 30 | 54.3 | 53.3 | 25.8 | NA | NA | NA | Hemodialysis and dyslipidemia | Omega-3 (13.5 g/day) | Placebo | TC, TG, LDL, HDL, CRP | 2 | 2 |
Ando15 | Japan | 38 | 52.5 | 86.5 | 21.0 | NA | NA | 42.1 | Hemodialysis | Omega-3 (1.8 g/day) | Placebo | TC, TG, and HDL | 3 | 2 |
Saifullah28 | USA | 23 | 57.7 | 78.3 | NA | NA | NA | 39.1 | Hemodialysis | Omega-3 (1.3 g/day) | Placebo | LDL, TC, TG, HDL, glucose, Albumin, CRP | 3 | 3 |
USA | 33 | 60.2 | 42.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | ESRD | Omega-3 (1.56 g/day) | Placebo (corn-oil) | Lipoprotein(a), HDL, LDL, TG, TC, Homocysteine, CRP | 6 | 2 | |
Gharekhani31 | Iran | 45 | 56.8/57.2 | 52.0/60.0 | NA | NA | NA | 42.2 | Hemodialysis patients | Omega-3 (0.9 g/day) | Placebo | CRP; Ferritin; Albumin | 4 | 4 |
Hung32 | USA | 34 | 50.0/53.0 | 82.0/77.0 | 30.2 | NA | NA | 3.0 | Hemodialysis patients | Omega-3 (2.9 g/day) | Placebo | CRP, Albumin | 3 | 4 |
Naini33 | Iran | 90 | 57.7/59.4 | 53.0/60.0 | 25.3 | 144 | NA | 44.4 | Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients | Omega-3 (3.0 g/day) | Placebo | SBP, DBP, TG, TC, LDL, HDL | 2 | 4 |
