Figure 3

PCV2-induced DDR requires viral replication.
(A) PK15 monolayer cells were infected with wild-type or UV-irradiated PCV2 at an MOI of 1 TCID50. (B) Images of PCV2 VLPs. Bar, 100 nm. (C) PK15 monolayer cells were inoculated with PCV2 virus-like particles (10 VLPs per cell). Cell lysates at 48 h post infection or inoculation were harvested and subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting with antibodies to H2AX, RPA32, ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK phosphorylated forms. β-actin was acted as the loading control. p-, phosphorylated.