Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Multi-Scale-Porosity TiO2 scaffolds grown by innovative sputtering methods for high throughput hybrid photovoltaics

Figure 5

Structural analyses.

(a) symmetric XRD patterns (2θ-ω) of TiO2 layers deposited in gig-lox (red) and in ppg (blue) configuration after thermal treatment at 500 °C. Both patterns refer to anatase. TEM analyses of the TiO2 gig-lox layer after annealing at 500 °C: (b) bright field image showing the meso-porous structure (the pores give a bright contrast); (c) dark field image originating from the region circled in (d), highlighting single grains stacked within the rods (the bright objects); (e) detail of a rod with the related SAED in (f). Left panel: a representative schematic of a TiO2 rod made of stacked grains with facets along (101) and (10-1) planes, with growth axis along the [001] direction, according to XRD data in (a). The preservation of this fine structure denotes that the annealing has a conservative effect on the porosity.

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