Figure 1: nsPEF treatment inhibited melanoma cell growth in vivo and in vitro. | Scientific Reports

Figure 1: nsPEF treatment inhibited melanoma cell growth in vivo and in vitro.

From: Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Enhance the Anti-tumour Effects of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus against Melanoma

Figure 1

Effects of nsPEFs with high energy input in (a) A375 and (b) A875 cells. Pulse duration, 100 ns; electric field strength, 20–30 kV/cm; number of pulses delivered according to different energy levels, 10–100. The energy input of nsPEFs was calculated as energy input = (E2 × D2 × W × N)/(R × M), where E is the electric field strength (20–30 kV/cm); D, gap between electrodes (here, 2 mm); W, pulse duration (here, 100 ns); N, number of pulses (10–100 pulses); R, resistance in the cuvette with cells and suspending medium; and M, mass of the suspension in the cuvette. The specific parameters are listed in Supplementary Table S1. (c) Typical longitudinal monitoring of fluorescence images of tumour-bearing mice before and after nsPEF treatment. GFP activity in mice was detected by IVIS 200 before nsPEF treatment (day 0), as well as 1, 2, 4, and 8 days after nsPEF treatment. (d) Fluorescence intensities were quantified in photons per second. Ratios of mean ± SD (n = 5) were obtained. (e) Surface view after nsPEF treatment. The experiments were repeated thrice and yielded similar results. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to control.

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