Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Effect of particle volume fraction on the settling velocity of volcanic ash particles: insights from joint experimental and numerical simulations

Figure 4

Effect of particle volume fraction (ϕp) on the settling velocity of particles (vp) for the Etna Basalt (ETB, a) and Laacher See phonolite (LSP, b) experiments. Filled symbols denote the mean value with standard deviation (error bar) of data binned (every 5 s) for different mass discharge rate runs. The two-way (S2W) and four-way (S4W) numerical simulations are shown for comparison in (a), points representing the mean value sampled every 0.2 s of simulation time for the different mass discharge rate runs. Power-law fit curves for the four data sets are also shown (RMSE of 0.66, 0.45, 0.32, and 0.30 for ETB, LSP, S2W, and S4W, respectively).

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