Figure 3: Inhibition of cell-to-cell movement of PlAMV in the ncbp mutant.

(a) Images of the spread of PlAMV-GFP in epidermal cells. Rosette leaves of Col-0 and the ncbp-1 mutant were inoculated with PlAMV-GFP using particle bombardment. Fluorescence images were obtained at 1, 1.5, and 2 dpi. Representative images are shown. Bars, 200 μm. (b) Quantification of the size of the fluorescent foci in inoculated leaves. Fluorescence images of more than five foci in (a) were processed using ImageJ software v1.40 (NIH) to measure the size of viral infection foci. The sizes are normalized to Col-0 at 1 dpi. Error bars represent standard errors of at least six measurements. Asterisk indicates a significant difference compared with Col-0 (two-tailed Student’s t-test, asterisk; P < 0.05, triple asterisk; P < 0.001). Experiments were replicated three times.