Table 1 Characteristics of the 2601 participants according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration.
Characteristic | Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D quartile (nmol/L) | p for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (<28.9) | 2 (28.9–40.1) | 3 (40.2–55.0) | 4 (>55.0) | ||
Number of subjects | 650 | 650 | 651 | 650 | |
Age (years) | 52.8 (5.0)a | 52.9 (5.1) | 53.0 (5.3) | 53.5 (5.0) | 0.012 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.7 (3.7) | 26.9 (3.6) | 27.0 (3.6) | 26.8 (3.4) | 0.80 |
Leisure-time physical activity (kcal/day) | 115 (157) | 130 (157) | 154 (198) | 167 (181) | <0.001 |
Income (euros) | 11921 (7892) | 13114 (8910) | 13870 (9040) | 13645 (9367) | 0.001 |
Education (years) | 8.5 (3.3) | 8.8 (3.5) | 8.7 (3.4) | 8.7 (3.5) | 0.57 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135 (18) | 134 (17) | 134 (17) | 134 (17) | 0.17 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 89 (11) | 89 (11) | 88 (10) | 88 (10) | 0.029 |
Alcohol intake (g/week) | 73 (132) | 77 (119) | 77 (154) | 75 (141) | 0.92 |
Number of hangovers per year | 4.1 (10.2) | 4.0 (9.7) | 3.8 (9.8) | 4.1 (10.6) | 0.96 |
Number of concurrent drugs | 1.3 (1.8) | 1.1 (1.6) | 1.2 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.8) | 0.14 |
Use of analgesics (%) | 17 | 16 | 16 | 20 | 0.24 |
Use of cardiovascular medications (%) | 26 | 22 | 24 | 24 | 0.48 |
Self-reported health good/excellent (%) | 33 | 35 | 37 | 40 | 0.005 |
Current smoker (%) | 38 | 32 | 30 | 27 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 62 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 0.77 |
Coronary heart disease (%) | 25 | 23 | 28 | 24 | 0.66 |
Stroke (%) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0.13 |
Cancer (%) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0.088 |
Type 2 diabetes (%) | 7 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 0.081 |
