Table 3 The most enriched functions within the top 40 molecules.

From: Convergent evidence for the molecular basis of musical traits

Disease or function

p-value/top 40

# molecules/top 40

p-value/ability

p-value/listening

p-value/practice

Cognition

1.7 * 10−16

16

8.3 * 10−8

Memory

2.0 * 10−14

14

8.5 * 10−11

5.6 * 10−6

Learning

2.5 * 10−14

12

1.4 * 10−4

2.6 * 10−12

8.2 * 10−6

Excitation of neurons

5.4 * 10−12

8

7.8 * 10−7

1.6 * 10−7

Quantity of catecholamine

3.1 * 10−11

9

3.9 * 10−9

Apoptosis of brain

6.2 * 10−11

9

2.1 * 10−7

Epilepsy

7.9 * 10−11

10

Behavior

1.2 * 10−10

8

2.2 * 10−4

1.0 * 10−9

1.1 * 10−5

Transcription

1.6 * 10−10

12

7.5 * 10−8

Transcription of RNA

1.9 * 10−10

21

3.5 * 10−7

1.6 * 10−7

Quantity of cells

2.1 * 10−10

22

3.6 * 10−7

1.2 * 10−3

Apoptosis of striatal neurons

2.4 * 10−10

21

1.1 * 10−4

2.5 * 10−6

Apoptosis of neurons

2.5 * 10−10

7

1.0 * 10−5

5.0 * 10−9

9.0 * 10−6

Long-term potentiation of brain

3.3 * 10−10

10

Long-term potentiation

3.6 * 10−10

10

3.9 * 10−9

5.2 * 10−6

Diabetes mellitus

4.2 * 10−10

11

4.7 * 10−8

Synthesis of D-glucose

5.4 * 10−10

8

1.0 * 10−6

Expression of RNA

6.9 * 10−10

16

1.7 * 10−7

2.8 * 10−8

Cell death of brain cells

9.0 * 10−10

22

5.1 * 10−7

Glucose metabolism disorder

9.6 * 10−10

10

  1. The list of molecules related to each functions is available at Supplementary Table S4. The three rightmost columns show p-values for enrichment of the functions in the three subphenotypes: musical ability, music listening and music practice (analysis included 29, 18 and 29 molecules, respectively).