Figure 1: A map of the Skogaryd Research Catchment (SRC) showing the studied streams, the catchment boundaries and sampling locations.

Red arrows denote the reaches (A–F) where propane injections were made and the triangles denote the locations of CO2 sensor chambers (open triangles–2012, closed triangles–2013). Black arrows (G–K) denote points where CO2 emissions were directly measured for validation using the drifting/floating chamber method (see Supplementary Information). The locations of the four discharge monitoring stations are given as red circles. The inset map shows the different location categories (L1–L7) made for the purpose of describing spatial variability. The figure was created with ArcMap 10.3.1 available from http://www.esri.com/. The background map was obtained from Lantmäteriet (National Land Survey of Sweden) and published under the copyright agreement i2012/898 with Linköping University.