Figure 3: The influence of R8-ZZC on ASCs.

(a) The cytotoxicity of R8-ZZC (0, 62.5, 125, 250, 400 nM of ZZC) on ASCs at 24 h incubation after 4 h transduction, and (b) the proliferation rate of R8-ZZC-labeled ASCs (0, 62.5, 125, 250 nM of ZZC) after 4 h transduction. The data are shown as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05. (c–g) The major inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-6 and MCP-1) of R8-ZZC-labeled ASCs (0, 62.5, 125, 250 nM of ZZC) after 1 or 3 days of incubation. (h,j) The differentiation of R8-ZZC-labeled ASCs (250 nM of ZZC) or (i,k) non-labeled ASCs into adipocytes and osteocytes.