Figure 4: Defense marker gene expression patterns in tomato roots in response to Trichoderma atroviride T11 (Ta) and/or Meloidogyne javanica (Mj).

Total root cDNA was subjected to qPCR to quantify LOX1, PR1, TPX1, LERBOH1 and LECHS2 gene expression related to different plant defense responses at 1, 4 and 6 days after inoculation with Mj. The actin gene was used as a control. Values correspond to relative measurements against the respective control conditions (w/w) (2^−ΔΔCT = 1) for each time point, and are expressed as log₁₀. Error bars represent standard deviations of the mean values for three technical replicates of cDNA from two independent experiments. Each cDNA was obtained from a root-pool of three different F0 plants for each treatment and time point. The levels of expression were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. For each gene and time, different letters represent significative differences (P < 0.05).