Table 2 Mismatch distribution analysis (MDA) of the three cpDNA lineages of the D. versipellis-pleiantha complex (west, central-east: D. versipellis s. lat.; east: D. pleiantha) for pure demographic and spatial expansion models, tested with the sum of squared deviations (SSD) and Harpending’s79 raggedness index (HRag) in arlequin.

From: Quaternary climate change drives allo-peripatric speciation and refugial divergence in the Dysosma versipellis-pleiantha complex from different forest types in China

Model

Lineage

Parameter (τ)

Expansion time (t) in yr BP

SSD

P

HRag

P

Fu’s FS

P

Tajima’s D

P

Demographic expansion

West

4.910 (0.207‒8.426)

NC

0.1349

0.05

0.368

0.01

−0.19

0.47

0.5

0.71

Central-east

3.350 (1.455‒4.800)

482,750 (209,672‒691,702)

0.0005

0.92

0.015

0.87

−22.3

0.00

−1.59

0.02

East

3.000 (0.512‒3.000)

432,314 (73,782‒432,314)

0.0000

0.47

0.562

0.67

−3.06

0.02

−1.24

0.07

Spatial expansion

West

4.270 (1.791‒7.839)

NC

0.0985

0.08

0.368

0.25

−0.19

0.45

0.50

0.74

Central-east

2.474 (1.402‒4.207)

356,515 (202,034‒606,248)

0.0004

0.96

0.015

0.90

−22.3

0.00

−1.59

0.02

East

0.255 (0.001‒1.035)

36,747 (114‒149,148)

0.0000

0.55

0.562

0.66

−3.06

0.02

−1.24

0.09

  1. See Supplementary Fig. S1 for illustrations of mismatch distributions. Also shown are results of selective neutrality tests (Fu’s FS, Tajima’s D). For the FS test, P = 0.02 is considered to be significant at the α = 0.05 level59,80. NC, not calculated.