Table 5 Comparison of discrimination for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality when one, two or three physical health indicators are added to a model including age, sex and the Framingham risk score.

From: Physical Health Indicators Improve Prediction of Cardiovascular and All-cause Mortality among Middle-Aged and Older People: a National Population-based Study

Indicators

Entire cohort C-statistics (95% CI) for

Participants without CVD at baseline C-statistics (95% CI for:

Cardiovascular death

P-value*

All-cause death

P-value*

Cardiovascular death

P-value*

All-cause death

P-value*

Framingham risk score

0.78(0.66–0.89)

Reference

0.74(0.68–0.80)

Reference

0.70(0.50–0.90)

Reference

0.72(0.65–0.80)

Reference

Single indicator

 High-sensitivity CRP

0.83(0.73–0.92)

0.188

0.77(0.71–0.83)

0.007

0.82(0.69–0.94)

0.250

0.75(0.68–0.82)

0.256

 Dominant handgrip

0.81(0.71–0.91)

0.310

0.78(0.72–0.84)

0.039

0.83(0.75–0.92)

0.076

0.77(0.70–0.85)

0.068

 Relative handgrip

0.81(0.72–0.90)

0.123

0.79(0.73–0.84)

0.008

0.82(0.72–0.91)

0.066

0.78(0.71–0.85)

0.043

 Walking speed

0.77(0.66–0.89)

0.787

0.74(0.68–0.80)

0.952

0.71(0.52–0.90)

0.640

0.72(0.65–0.80)

0.705

 Peak expiratory flow

0.81(0.71–0.91)

0.157

0.76(0.69–0.82)

0.170

0.80(0.67–0.92)

0.171

0.74(0.66–0.82)

0.491

Two indicators

 Dominant handgrip + walking speed

0.76(0.71–0.82)

0.008

0.78(0.72–0.84)

0.032

0.73(0.66–0.80)

0.006

0.77(0.70–0.85)

0.068

 Dominant handgrip + peak expiratory flow

0.77(0.71–0.83)

0.021

0.79(0.73–0.85)

0.0271

0.73(0.65–0.81)

0.011

0.78(0.70–0.86)

0.075

 Relative handgrip + walking speed

0.77(0.71–0.82)

0.002

0.79(0.73–0.84)

0.008

0.72(0.65–0.80)

0.008

0.78(0.71–0.85)

0.043

 Relative handgrip + peak expiratory flow

0.77(0.72–0.83)

0.004

0.80(0.74–0.85)

0.006

0.73(0.65–0.81)

0.008

0.78(0.71–0.86)

0.031

 Walking speed + peak expiratory flow

0.74(0.68–0.80)

0.146

0.76(0.69–0.82)

0.1569

0.67(0.59–0.76)

0.110

0.74(0.66–0.82)

0.460

Three indicators

 Dominant handgrip + walking speed + peak expiratory flow

0.77(0.71–0.83)

0.018

0.79(0.73–0.85)

0.031

0.73(0.65–0.81)

0.011

0.78(0.70–0.86)

0.083

 Relative handgrip + walking speed + peak expiratory flow

0.77(0.72–0.83)

0.004

0.80(0.74–0.85)

0.007

0.73(0.65–0.81)

0.008

0.78(0.71–0.86)

0.034

  1. CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CRP, C-reactive protein.
  2. *All models were adjusted for age and sex. P values are for the comparison with model of physical indicators plus Framingham risk score and model of Framingham risk score.
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