Figure 3: Biochemical, biomechanical and cartilage-related gene analyses of in vitro engineered tissues at various time points.

All examinations of wet weight (A), GAG (B) contents, total collagen (C), total collagen II (D), Young’s modulus (F), expressions of cartilage-related genes (G–I), and hypertrophy-related genes (J–L), except for collagen I content (E), showed an increasing trend with in vitro induction time. Expression of cartilage-related genes in samples at 4 and 8 weeks were even higher than those found in native cartilage. The columns with different letters indicate statistical significance.