Table 4 Univariate comparison of retinal microvascular parameters.

From: Evidence of Microvascular Changes in the Retina following Kawasaki Disease

 

Controls (n = 78)

All KD (n = 78)

All KD vs controls p value

KD always normal CA (n = 66)

KD always normal CA vs control p value

KD +CA abnormalities (n = 11)

KD CA abnormalities vs control p value

Australian

CRAE (μm)

151.99 ± 15.78

155.90 ± 12.15

0.14

156.72 ± 9.99

0.17

155.27 ± 13.72

0.33

CRVE (μm)

214.38 ± 22.69

218.83 ± 14.54

0.21

215.81 ± 13.20

0.77

221.20 ± 15.30

0.13

AVR

0.71 ± 0.04

0.71 ± 0.05

0.77

0.73 ± 0.05

0.13

0.70 ± 0.05

0.41

Arteriolar branching angle (deg)

83.71 ± 9.14

84.99 ± 9.45

0.46

84.83 ± 9.91

0.62

85.11 ± 9.26

0.49

Venular branching angle (deg)

78.80 ± 8.16

80.71 ± 9.12

0.24

79.71 ± 10.15

0.67

81.50 ± 8.31

0.14

Total fractal dimension

1.49 ± 0.05

1.50 ± 0.05

0.13

1.49 ± 0.06

0.88

1.51 ± 0.04

0.02

Fractal dimension arteriole

1.28 ± 0.05

1.30 ± 0.05

0.07

1.29 ± 0.06

0.43

1.31 ± 0.04

0.03

Fractal dimension venule

1.25 ± 0.04

1.26 ± 0.06

0.42

1.24 ± 0.06

0.58

1.27 ± 0.05

0.07

*Geometric mean arteriolar tortuosity (x10−5)

8.36 (95% CI 7.71, 9.05)

8.36 (95% CI 7.87, 8.70)

0.89

8.11 (95% CI 7.41, 8.78)

0.57

8.52 (95% CI 7.87, 9.23)

0.78

*Geometric mean venular tortuosity (x10−5)

7.95 (95% CI 7.49, 8.52)

7.49 (95% CI 7.19, 7.71)

0.09

7.49 (95% CI 6.98, 7.95)

0.22

7.49 (95% CI 7.19, 7.87)

0.19

Singaporean

CRAE (μm)

140.15 ± 9.75

149.43 ± 13.72

<0.001

148.78 ± 13.30

<0.001

155.14 ± 14.91

<0.001

CRVE (μm)

205.31 ± 13.65

216.25 ± 14.41

<0.001

215.01 ± 13.60

<0.001

225.63 ± 15.56

<0.001

AVR

0.68 ± 0.04

0.69 ± 0.05

0.3

0.69 ± 0.05

0.3

0.69 ± 0.04

0.8

Arteriolar branching angle (deg)

82.41 ± 8.51

81.35 ± 9.61

0.5

80.64 ± 8.24

0.2

85.37 ± 15.77

0.3

Venular branching angle (deg)

79.59 ± 7.70

80.55 ± 7.60

0.4

81.01 ± 7.62

0.3

78.09 ± 7.66

0.5

Total fractal dimension

1.51 ± 0.03

1.50 ± 0.04

0.4

1.50 ± 0.04

0.4

1.50 ± 0.03

0.5

Fractal dimension arteriole

1.30 ± 0.04

1.29 ± 0.05

0.3

1.30 ± 0.05

0.2

1.30 ± 0.04

1.0

Fractal dimension venule

1.27 ± 0.04

1.27 ± 0.04

0.8

1.27 ± 0.05

0.9

1.26 ± 0.03

0.2

*Geometric mean arteriolar tortuosity (x10−5)

8.70 (95% CI 8.36, 9.14)

7.34 (95% CI 7.05, 7.64)

<0.001

7.34 (95% CI 6.98, 7.64)

<0.001

7.41 (95% CI 6.57, 8.44)

0.01

*Geometric mean venular tortuosity (x10−5)

9.42 (95% CI 9.14, 9.71)

7.34 (95% CI 7.12, 7.64)

<0.001

7.34 (95% CI 7.12, 7.64)

<0.001

7.49 (95% CI 6.77, 8.27)

<0.001

  1. Mean ± SD unless otherwise specified, KD = Kawasaki disease, CRAE = central retinal artery equivalent, CRVE = central retinal vein equivalent, AVR = arterio-venous ratio, CA = coronary artery. +“CA abnormalities” includes patients with regressed and persistent coronary artery abnormalities. *Log transformed tortuosity values have been retransformed using the exponential function to give geometric means and 95% confidence intervals.
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