Figure 5: CLSM images of intracellular ROS generation and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential in A. cepa root after exposure with ZnO-NPs.

Panels show the untreated control (UC) and treated roots with varying concentrations of ZnO-Bulk (panel A), ZnO-NPs (panel B) and Zn2+ (panel C) stained with 25 μM DCFH-DA. Corresponding bar diagrams represent the % increase in DCF fluorescence of root meristem cells in UC and treated with ZnO-NPs, ZnO-Bulk, and Zn2+ ions. CLSM images show the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in A. cepa UC roots and those treated with varying concentrations of ZnO-Bulk (panel D), ZnO-NPs (panel E) and Zinc ions (panel F) after staining with Rhodamine123 (1 μg/ml). Dotted, dashed, and solid white color rectangular outlines denote the root elongation zone, meristematic region, and root tip, respectively.