Table 3 Primary outcomes of meta-analyses in included randomized controlled trials.
Variables | Studies | Patients (n) | Overall Effect | Heterogeneity P Value (I2) | Model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P value | SMD/MD (95% CI) | |||||
Pain score at rest | ||||||
2 h | 3 | 167 | 0.76 | 0.05 (−0.26, 0.35) | 0.95 (0%) | F |
4 h | 3 | 196 | 0.8 | −0.04 (−0.32, 0.24) | 0.14 (50%) | F |
6–8 h | 5 | 368 | 0.83 | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.23) | 0.09 (50%) | F |
12 h | 3 | 216 | 0.07 | −0.24 (−0.51, 0.02) | 0.59 (0%) | F |
24 h | 9 | 612 | 0.9 | −0.02 (−0.26, 0.23) | 0.02 (58%) | R |
24 h * | 8 | 552 | 0.41 | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.24) | 0.29 (18%) | F |
48 h | 9 | 612 | 0.25 | −0.09 (−0.25, 0.06) | 0.70 (0%) | F |
72 h | 3 | 160 | 0.76 | −0.05 (−0.36, 0.26) | 0.33 (11%) | F |
Pain score at activity | ||||||
2 h | 3 | 167 | 0.4 | 0.13 (−0.17, 0.44) | 0.18 (41%) | F |
4 h | 2 | 98 | 1 | 0.00 (−0.40, 0.40) | 1 (0%) | F |
6–8 h | 3 | 177 | 0.96 | −0.01 (−0.30, 0.29) | 0.67 (0%) | F |
12 h | 2 | 118 | 0.76 | −0.06 (−0.42, 0.30) | 0.38 (0%) | F |
24 h | 7 | 437 | 0.75 | −0.03 (−0.22, 0.16) | 0.24 (25%) | F |
48 h | 7 | 437 | 0.89 | −0.01 (−0.20, 0.17) | 0.42 (0%) | F |
72 h | 3 | 160 | 0.14 | 0.24 (−0.08, 0.55) | 0.24 (30%) | F |
Muscle strength (5-grade scale) | ||||||
2 h | 2 | 118 | 0.24 | 0.34 (−0.23, 0.90) | 0.14 (54%) | R |
4–6 h | 3 | 178 | 0.0002 * | 1.50 (0.70, 2.29) | 0.006 (81%) | R |
4–6 h * | 2 | 98 | <0.0001 * | 1.89 (1.40, 2.37) | 0.76 (0%) | F |
6–8 h | 2 | 97 | 0.08 | 0.36 (−0.04, 0.77) | 0.26 (22%) | F |
12 h | 2 | 118 | <0.0001 * | 0.87 (0.49, 1.25) | 0.20 (39%) | F |
24 h | 6 | 341 | <0.0001 * | 0.82 (0.45, 1.18) | 0.02 (62%) | R |
24 h * | 4 | 202 | <0.0001 * | 1.09 (0.79, 1.39) | 0.55 (0%) | F |
48 h | 6 | 341 | <0.0001 * | 0.52 (0.13, 0.91) | 0.008 (68%) | R |
48 h * | 4 | 241 | 0.003 * | 0.63 (0.29, 0.97) | 0.28 (21%) | F |
72 h | 3 | 160 | 0.03 * | 0.91 (0.08, 1.74) | 0.003 (83%) | R |
72 h * | 2 | 80 | <0.0001 * | 1.32 (0.84, 1.81) | 1.00 (0%) | F |
Quadriceps strength (MVIC) | 2 | 97 | <0.0001 * | 1.55 (1.09, 2.01) | 0.39 (0%) | F |
Adductor strength (MVIC) | 2 | 97 | 0.59 | −0.27 (−1.25, 0.72) | 0.02 (83%) | R |
