Figure 7: The determination of biomarker levels in PP-3copy-Aβ1-6-loop123, PBS or PP immunized APP/PS1 transgenic mice treated directly after the onset of AD.

The levels of soluble Aβ40 (a) (p = 0.0164), soluble Aβ42 (b) (p = 0.0087) and aggregated Aβ (c) (p = 0.0007) in the brain of mice after treatment. (a,b, and c) share the same set of tags. (d) Soluble Aβ40 level in the serum of the groups immunized with PP and PP-3copy-Aβ1-6-loop123 or PP. (e) Level of soluble Aβ42 in the serum after immunization. Statistically significant differences were observed between PP and PP-3copy-Aβ1-6-loop123 immunized groups (p = 0.0377). The results are expressed as mean values ± SEM. Number of animals per group is indicated in the bracket. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.