Table 3 Odd ratios of central obesity according to different levels of indoor and outdoor physical activity, TV watching and sleeping time.

From: Physical Activity, TV Watching Time, Sleeping, and Risk of Obesity and Hyperglycemia in the Offspring of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

 

No. of participants

No. of cases

Odd ratios (95% confidence intervals)

Model 1*

Model 2†

Indoor activity categories (hours/day)

 <5.0

407

47

1.00

1.00

5.0–6.9

410

35

0.67 (0.39–1.13)

0.68 (0.40–1.15)

 ≥7.0

446

44

0.86 (0.51–1.45)

0.89 (0.53–1.51)

P for trend

  

0.30

0.31

Indoor activity as a continuous variable (1 hour/day increase)

  

0.98 (0.89–1.08)

0.98 (0.89–1.09)

Outdoor activity categories (hours/day)

 <1.5

422

45

1.00

1.00

1.5–1.9

322

27

0.72 (0.43–1.21)

0.75 (0.44–1.26)

 ≥2.0

519

54

1.01 (0.65–1.56)

1.02 (0.65–1.59)

P for trend

  

0.36

0.44

Outdoor activity as a continuous variable (1 hour/day increase)

  

0.98 (0.80–1.20)

0.99 (0.78–1.24)

TV watching time categories (hours/day)

0

446

35

1.00

1.00

 <1.0

453

42

1.28 (0.78–2.08)

1.26 (0.77–2.06)

 ≥1.0

364

49

1.76 (1.08–2.88)

1.73 (1.05–2.84)

P for trend

  

0.071

0.089

TV watching time as a continuous variable (1 hour/day increase)

  

1.25 (1.05–1.48)

1.24 (1.04–1.47)

Sleeping time categories (hours/day)

 <11.0

469

53

1.00

1.00

11.0–11.9

386

39

1.02 (0.64–1.63)

1.07 (0.67–1.72)

 ≥12.0

408

34

0.77 (0.46–1.27)

0.83 (0.50–1.39)

P for trend

  

0.48

0.61

Sleeping time as a continuous variable (1 hour/day increase)

  

0.91 (0.76–1.08)

0.92 (0.77–1.10)

  1. Center obesity was defined as more than the 90th percentiles for age and gender specific distribution of waist circumference.
  2. *Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, education, occupation, family income, and child age, sex, gestational age, and mode of infant feeding.
  3. †Adjusted for variables in Model 1 and also indoor activity, outdoor activity, TV watching time, and sleeping time, other than the variable in the analyses.