Figure 6: Effects of MDPD on NAE 12:0-induced seedling growth inhibition and in vivo [1-¹⁴C]-NAE 12:0 depletion assays in Atfaah.

Atfaah seedlings were grown for 10 days (a) Representative images of 7-d old Atfaah seedlings on 35 μM NAE 12:0 alone or with 30 μM or 50 μM MDPD. Note that MDPD dampens the growth inhibitory effects of NAE 12:0 on Atfaah. (b) Primary root length on 35 μM NAE 12:0 alone or in combination with 30 μM, 50 μM or 100 μM MDPD. (c) Cotyledon area of Atfaah seedlings on media supplemented with 35 μM or 40 μM NAE 12:0 alone or in combination with 30 μM or 50 μM MDPD. Error bars represent the standard error of the means (n ≥ 16). Means with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.005; Tukey’s test). (d) Like in wild type, MDPD reversed the NAE 12:0-induced inhibition of root hair initiation in Atfaah seedlings. (e) The rate of depletion of radiolabeled NAE 12:0 is similar between negative controls (no seedlings) and media with Atfaah seedlings. With MDPD in the medium, radiolabeled NAE 12:0 is depleted after 7-8 days. Assays were performed with 6 Atfaah seedlings and 35 μM of radiolabeled NAE12:0 and 50 μM of MDPD, or an equal volume of DMSO, in 1.5 ml of MS liquid media. Student’s t-test (**indicates statistically significant differences, p < 0.05).