Figure 3: Determination of tubular cell apoptosis in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay (200×).

(a) Few apoptotic cells were observed in the sham group. The RM group (b) and the RM + BM group (c) displayed markedly more TUNEL-positive cells, mainly in the corticomedullary junction and medullary area. (d) Biological membrane-packed mesenchymal stem cells on the renal tissue treatment decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and fewer apoptotic cells were observed. the RM + BM + MSCs + LY294002 group (e) also displayed TUNEL-positive cells. (f) The indices of apoptosis in the different groups were consistent with the TUNEL staining results. Note: *p < 0.05 versus the RM group; †p < 0.05 versus the RM + BM group; #p < 0.05 versus the sham group (n = 8).