Figure 1

(a) Top-view FE-SEM images of the UZO, IZO, GZO, and IGZO NRs. (b) Average effective area of the (001) plane, NR areal density, NR diameter and NR length of the UZO, IZO, GZO, and IGZO NRs. (c) XRD patterns of the NRs. Insets show the enlarged (002) peaks and the average c-lattice parameters calculated from the 2θ values of the (002) peaks.