Figure 2: Noxious stimuli triggered calcium transients in the PHA/PHB neurons.

(a) A variety of noxious chemical stimuli triggered calcium transients in the PHA/PHB neurons. The solid line shows the average fluorescence change and the shading around it indicate the ± SEM. Horizontal lines indicate the duration of application for each stimulus. Notably, 20 mM Cu2+ induced a decrease of calcium level in the PHA/PHB neurons. For 1-Ocanol induced-calcium elevations, both the soma and the progress were shown. (b) Calcium transients in the PHA/PHB neurons in response to physical stimuli. (c) Maximal calcium changes of the PHA/PHB neurons to the application of noxious stimuli. N > = 6 for each experiment, Data are mean ± SEM.