Figure 2: Fabrication of a 3D CMOL crossbar.
From: A multiply-add engine with monolithically integrated 3D memristor crossbar/CMOS hybrid circuit

(a) Optical image of the foundry-processed CMOS chip showing the on-chip decoder, ‘Read’ and ‘Write’ circuitry as well as the 24 × 36 array of CMOS cells. Each ‘CMOS cell’ houses a pair of pins (‘Red’ and ‘Blue’), (b) structure of the first layer of the 3D crossbar, (c) the final structure of the 3D crossbar with 2 layers (d) AFM image of a section of the 3D crossbar: the highlighted section shows two stacked device layers, (e) Cross-section of the region highlighted in (d).