Figure 2: IL-6 hyper-induction during super-infection is IV and S. aureus strain independent. | Scientific Reports

Figure 2: IL-6 hyper-induction during super-infection is IV and S. aureus strain independent.

From: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate IL-6 over-production during concomitant influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus infection

Figure 2

A549 cells were infected with IV H1N1(M) (MOI 5 (a), MOI 0.5 (h)), H7N7 (b), FluB (c), H3N2 (d–f) (MOI 5) or H1N1 (MOI 0.5 (g)) for 0.5 h and super-infected with S. aureus 6850 (MOI 50 (a–d), MOI 0.1 (g)), SH1000 (MOI 50 (e), MOI 0.1 (h)) or MRSA USA300 (MOI 50 (f)). Extracellular bacteria were removed by antibiotic treatment 3 h post bacterial infection. IL-6 mRNA levels were measured at 8 h p.i. (a–f) or 18 h p.i. (g,h). Means ± SD of at least three independent experiments are shown. Levels of IV-infected samples were arbitrarily set as 100%. After normalisation, two-tailed unpaired t-tests were performed for comparison between IV-infected and IV/S. aureus super-infected samples (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).

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