Table 4 Prey-mediated effects of Cry1C on life-table parameters of C. lividipennis preying eggs of N. lugens reared with Bt rice (T1C-19) or non-Bt (Minghui 63) rice plants.

Parameters	Rice line
Parameters	T1C-19	Minghui 63
1st instar developmental time (days ± SE)^a)	2.5 ± 0.06 (46)	2.5 ± 0.05 (46)
2nd instar developmental time (days ± SE)^a)	1.7 ± 0.05 (43)	1.6 ± 0.04 (46)
3rd instar developmental time (days ± SE)^a)	1.8 ± 0.06 (43)	1.9 ± 0.05 (43)
4th instar developmental time (days ± SE)^a)	1.6 ± 0.07 (42)	1.6 ± 0.06 (42)
5th instar developmental time (days ± SE)^a)	2.8 ± 0.08 (42)	2.7 ± 0.06 (41)
Whole larval stage developmental time (days ± SE)^a)	10.4 ± 0.14 (42)	10.2 ± 0.10 (41)
Preimaginal survival (%)^b)	91.3	89.1
Female ratio (%)^b)	31	48.8
Male weight (mg ± SE)^c)	0.53 ± 0.02	0.53 ± 0.03
Female weight (mg ± SE)^c)	1.00 ± 0.04	0.99 ± 0.03

Note: (1) The experiment started with 46 nymphs per treatment. (n), number of individuals at each development stage. (2) Within a row, statistical comparisons were made for Bt rice with non-Bt rice. ^a)Mann–Whitney U-test. ^b)Chi-square test. ^c)Student’s t-test.

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