Table 2 Factors associated with poor overall survival in HCC.

Variable	Case No.	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variable	Case No.	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p
Age > 65/≤65 years	544/446	0.900(0.759–1.067)	0.225
Sex male/female	756/234	1.407(1.140–1.737)	0.001	1.425(1.146–1.773)	0.001
HBsAg positive/negative	536/452	1.233(1.039–1.464)	0.017
Anti-HCV positive/negative	305/684	0.814(0.676–0.981)	0.031
Albumin ≤4/>4 g/dL	778/209	2.182(1.717–2.774)	<0.001	1.621(1.259–2.088)	<0.001
Bilirubin >1.6/≤1.6 mg/dL	235/755	2.191(1.821–2.636)	<0.001	1.702(1.390–2.085)	<0.001
ALT > 40/≤40 U/L	583/407	1.330(1.115–1.585)	0.002
AST > 45/≤45U/L	657/319	2.268(1.852–2.778)	<0.001	1.257(1.008–1.567)	0.043
Platelet ≤10⁵/>10⁵/mm³	329/661	1.224(1.023–1.464)	0.027	1.247(1.030–1.511)	0.024
PT INR > 1.1/≤1.1	489/501	1.424(1.200–1.690)	<0.001
Ascites (yes/no)	307/683	3.108(2.613–3.696)	<0.001
AFP > 20/≤20 ng/ml	636/353	2.553(2.092–3.116)	<0.001	1.863(1.504–2.307)	<0.001
Multiple tumor (yes/no)	447/543	1.823(1.536–2.163)	<0.001	1.233(1.023–1.488)	0.028
Tumor size >3/≤3 cm	669/321	3.292(2.656–4.081)	<0.001	2.346(1.838–2.996)	<0.001
Vascular invasion (yes/no)	275/715	4.827(4.018–5.800)	<0.001	2.600(2.124–3.183)	<0.001
Treatment modality (non-curative/curative)	604/386	4.029(3.291–4.932)	<0.001	1.884(1.485–2.392)	<0.001
EGV (yes/no)	480/510	1.792(1.509–2.129)	<0.001	1.324(1.099–1.596)	0.003

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV: hepatitis C virus; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; Alk-P: alkaline phosphate; PT INR: prothrombin time international normalized ratio; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; EGV: esophagogastric varices.

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