Figure 2: Comparison of phenotypic properties in yeast cells with and without acetic acid treatment at different times.

(A) Growth curves of treated and untreated cells, with an enlarged image of treated cells in the insert. (B) PCD assay. Values are mean ± S.D. (n = 3). *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, two-tailed t test. (C) TEM observation. Lipid droplets are indicated by arrows. (D) SEM observation. Disrupted cells are indicated by arrows.