Figure 1: Diet-induced changes in bacterial composition based on UniFrac distances and LEfSe in the rumen.

(a) Average relative abundances of the predominant rumen mucosa- and digesta-associated bacteria; (b) comparison of the predominant genera in the rumen mucosa and digesta samples (relative abundance >1% in at least one dietary group); (c) UniFrac distance between the groups in the rumen; (d) histogram of the LDA scores calculated for differentially abundant features in the rumen at the genus level among dietary groups (only the genera LDA scores above 3 are shown); and (e) taxonomic cladograms reporting the different taxa abundances in the rumen among the dietary groups. LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size; UBM, calves fed untreated bulk milk (control group); AWM, calves fed acidified waste milk; PWM, calves fed pasteurised waste milk; UWM, calves fed untreated waste milk.